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Lesson 13

🔗 Relative
Clauses

Build complex, natural sentences using who, which, that, where, and whose — the secret to sounding like a native speaker.

Grammar Clauses B2

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Vocabulary

Vocabulário de relative clauses — flip para ver a tradução.

learned

Key Verbs

Verbos essenciais com relative clauses — exemplos reais em contexto.

🧠 Verb Mini-Quiz — Fill in the blank (≥4/6 to complete)

Everyday Expressions

Clique para ver a tradução e o uso.

Grammar: Relative Clauses

Pronomes relativos, defining vs non-defining, e quando omitir o pronome.

WHO → people: "The doctor who treated me was excellent."

WHICH → things/animals: "The car which I bought is already broken."

THAT → people OR things (informal, defining clauses only): "The person that called / The book that I read."

WHOSE → possession (people/things): "The artist whose work I admire / The company whose shares crashed."

WHERE → places: "The city where I grew up / The office where she works."

WHEN → time: "The year when I graduated / The moment when everything changed."

DEFINING (no commas): Essential information — removes it and the sentence loses meaning.
"The student who failed the test must retake it." (Only that specific student — not all students.)

NON-DEFINING (with commas): Extra information — remove it and the sentence still makes sense.
"My sister, who lives in London, is a lawyer." (We already know who my sister is — this is extra info.)

KEY RULE: Non-defining clauses NEVER use "that" — always use who/which/whose/where.
❌ "My phone, that I dropped, is broken." ✅ "My phone, which I dropped, is broken."

You can omit who/which/that when it is the OBJECT of the relative clause:
"The film (that) I watched was great." ← 'that' is object of 'watched' → can omit ✅

"The actor who starred in it was amazing." ← 'who' is subject of 'starred' → CANNOT omit ❌

Quick test: If the relative pronoun is followed immediately by a verb → it's the subject → cannot omit.
If the relative pronoun is followed by a noun/pronoun → it's the object → can omit.

🎭 Yara & Manager — Finding the Right Candidate

💼 Escritório. Yara descreve o candidato ideal para uma vaga na empresa — usando relative clauses naturalmente.

🎯 Encontre no diálogo:

✅ who (para pessoas)

✅ that (informal)

✅ whose (posse)

✅ where (para lugares)

🗨️ Let's Talk!

Responda com suas próprias palavras. Clique num "starter" pra começar a frase, use as palavras sugeridas e treine em voz alta. 🎤

Practice Quiz

5 questions — Relative Clauses

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Speak & Practise

Pressione ▶️ para ouvir e repita em voz alta.

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Homework

Lesson 13 — Relative Clauses

Complete as 4 tarefas. Bons estudos!

Word Order

Monte a frase na ordem correta!

Match the Vocabulary

Conecte o pronome relativo ao seu uso!

Error Correction

Reescreva a frase corrigindo o erro.

❌ Frase com erro:

"My phone, that I dropped yesterday, is completely broken."

Free Writing — Relative Clauses

Write 3 sentences — one defining, one non-defining, and one with whose.

🔗 RelativeClauses